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TECHNOLOGY 31
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Behavioural Results effect of the form of chairs (F (5, 35) = 0.809, p = 0.543 > 0.05,
Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted on the scores ηp2 = 0.003), or interaction between colour and form (F (5,
for each colour and form using SPSS software. 5) = 0.290, p = 0.998 > 0.05, ηp2 = 0.005).
The results show that there was little difference in the Moreover, Mauchly’s test indicated that the assumption

average scores. of sphericity was violated (p < 0.05). Thus, the statistics were
Next, we combined the results of the measured data plotted. reported based on the Greenhouse-Geisser correction. The results
The preference scores were ranked as warm (1.59) > cool of repeated measures ANOVA revealed notable differences in
(0.30) > neutral (−0.12), complex (1.08) > simple (−0.41). chairs (F (7.04, 39) = 7.506, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.169), but without
Moreover, the results of two-way ANOVA suggested that in sex (F (7.04, 39) = 0.457, p = 0.866 > 0.05, ηp2 = 0.012) or
there was a significant difference for both the colour (F (5, specialty (F (7.04, 39) = 0.894, p = 0.512 > 0.05, ηp2 = 0.024).
35) = 11.689, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.040) and the form of chairs (F (5, For first fixation duration, the two-way ANOVA clearly
35) = 51.556, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.155), but without their interactive showed that the first fixation duration was more influenced
effects (F (25, 35) = 0.731, p = 0.829 > 0.05, ηp2 = 0.013). by interaction between the colour and form of chairs (F (5,

The repeated-measures ANOVA for factors such as sex 35) = 1.414, p = 0.056 > 0.05, ηp2 = 0.034) rather than the colour
and specialty revealed a violation of the sphericity assumption, (F (5, 35) = 1.185, p = 0.314 > 0.05, ηp2 = 0.004) or the form (F
according to Mauchly’s test (p < 0.001). Therefore, the Greenhouse- (5, 35) = 0.607, p = 0.695 > 0.05, ηp2 = 0.002).
Geisser correction was applied, indicating significant differences According to Mauchly’s test, the assumption of sphericity
among subjective evaluations of each participant (F (10.62, was violated (p < 0.05). The repeated measures ANOVA results
39) = 8.405, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.185). corrected by G-G correction signified there was no clear
Furthermore, the participant’s specialty exhibited a main influence of sex (F (11.17, 39) = 0.679, p = 0.761 > 0.05,

noticeable difference in subjective preference ratings (F (10.62, ηp2 = 0.018) or specialty (F (11.17, 39) = 0.699, p = 0.742 > 0.05,
39) = 2.596, p = 0.004 < 0.05, ηp2 = 0.066). However, sex did not ηp2 = 0.019) of participants except for different stimuli (F (11.17,
significantly differ in subjective evaluations (F (10.62, 39) = 0.779, 39) = 1.019, p = 0.428 > 0.05, ηp2 = 0.027).
p = 0.657 > 0.05, ηp2 = 0.021). Furthermore, based on the ANOVA results, no significant
differences (p > 0.05) were observed in the impact of colour, form,
Eye-Tracking Outcomes sex, and professional factors on the other three parameters,
We selected five eye-tracking parameters based on the including fixation count, saccade count, and total fixation time.
measurement results for detailed statistical analysis.
The differences were relatively small regarding the magnitudes

of the parameter values. The results of recalculating the average
values according to categories, indicate that the average values
for all eye-tracking parameters were consistently higher for
warm tones than for cool and neutral tones.
Additionally, chairs with complex forms tended to elicit
higher eye-tracking parameter values.
For average pupil diameter, the results of two-way ANOVA

showed highly significant effects of the colour of chairs
(F (5, 35) = 8.187, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.028), but without main