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28 TECHNOLOGY MAR/APR 2025 FDM ASIA | www.fdmasia.com

Multimodal Measurement
Ergonomic studies primarily focus on human fit and decrease
fatigue and discomfort through product design.
A collaborative study of ergonomics with HCI technologies,

including eye tracking, physiological measurements, and EEG,
should yield more favourable evidence for the emotional
perception of furniture design.
By harnessing HCI emotion recognition technology,
designers can gain insights into users’ emotional responses
to furniture design.
Visual perception refers to the brain’s process of receiving,
distinguishing, and recognising visual information. Human
perception is the visual reception of information and visual

cognition through memory and thought processes.
referring to the shape presented by the outline of the furniture, Vision was the first channel used to gather information. This
encompassing both ‘external shape’ and ‘expression’. It can affect consumers’ subjective intentions of consumers. Eye
represents the external manifestation of furniture materials tracking techniques record eye movements when consumers
and structures and incorporates elements such as points, see a product. It is increasingly applied in aesthetic experience.
lines, surfaces, and blocks. Several studies have examined how design elements
Based on existing research, the classification of furniture affect users’ gaze behaviour; eye tracking has been widely

forms primarily encompasses distinctions such as curvilinear applied in design fields, including mobile devices, packaging,
vs. rectilinear, open and closed, and complex and simple web design, and advertising, thus providing references and
designs. Compared to other furniture design elements, furniture guidance for designers. It has also been applied to evaluate
forms convey visual perceptions more quickly and are highly the perception of sensory properties and quality factors or
infused with sensory factors, carrying elements of zeitgeist consumers’ willingness to purchase.
and cultural connotations. For instance, Palacios-Ibáñez et al. utilised eye-tracking
In today’s market, furniture forms change more rapidly metrics in virtual environments to analyse consumer gaze
than new functionalities, reflecting society’s ever-changing behaviour and decision-making processes for household
desires and pursuits toward furniture. products, achieving a 90 percent accuracy rate in predicting

Given the complexity and impact of colour and form in user preferences.
furniture design, several studies have explored consumer Their study highlights the role of eye-tracking as a powerful
preferences in this context. tool for understanding consumer behaviour and assessing
For instance, Jiang et al. studied the impact of colour aesthetic preferences in virtual settings, which provides valuable
preference on adolescent children’s choice of furniture. Ciritcioğlu insights for our approach in evaluating furniture design.
et al. focused on the consumer preference on furniture surface Physiological measurements can generally more objectively
colours. Kaputa and Supin dealt with the selected results of report users’ emotions. Some available metrics include GSR,

research aimed at the consumer’s preferences for furniture EKG, skin temperature (SKT), and respiratory pressure (RSP).
in the Slovak Republic. GSR and EKG have been widely applied in fields such