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Андрей Перцев 1967 unique features characteristic of other materials.
Łukawski et al. showed that graphene wood surfaces can
meet the conditions characteristic of electronic requirements.
Graphene materials can also give wood superhydrophobic

and anti-corrosion properties. However, the durability of the
newly acquired features is of great importance.
In order to better understand these features, an in-depth
analysis of the structural changes that occur in wood due
to modification with graphene oxide should be carried out.
In this work, the LIBS method was used to determine the
elements, mainly carbon, and to characterise the differences
in the elemental composition between the surface layers of
is used to modify the surface layers. The way graphene oxide wood impregnated with graphene oxide and native wood.

penetrates the anatomical structures of wood may differ from This study aimed to determine whether carbon from
how substances not in the nanoscale penetrate. graphene oxide is incorporated into the surface layers of
Moreover, the way chemicals penetrate wood depends on wood tissue. Identification of this phenomenon was possible
the moisture content of the wood and the chemical nature thanks to appropriately selected method parameters, which
of a given substance. enabled the detection of intermediate layers between the
Undoubtedly, the anatomical structure of wood influences graphene oxide layer and the native material.
the way chemicals penetrate and are located in wood. In order to confirm the validity of the conclusions, studies

Further, the methods and the parameters selected for were performed using FTIR spectrometry, which confirmed the
introducing chemical substances have a great significance occurrence of changes in the structure of polymers building
on the quality of impregnated wood. The action of vacuum the wood tissue and an increase in cellulose crystallinity.
conditions and ultrasound can cause different interactions of
chemical substances with wood cells. Materials and Techniques Used During the Research
In order for graphene oxide to become a commonly used Analysis
material for wood modification in the future, it is necessary to Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) samples with dimensions of 40 × 40
first learn about the interactions in the wood structure and the × 4 mm were used for the tests. Wood sapwood was used
most effective ways of introducing it into the wood in such for the tests. Wood density at 12 percent moisture content

a way as to obtain a composite with the desired properties. was 600 kg/m3.
The studies provided valuable information on the structural A water dispersion of graphene oxide (Advanced Graphene
phenomena occurring during wood modification with graphene Products S.A., Zielona Góra, Poland) was used to impregnate
oxide. wood, diluted with water, to obtain a solution with a concentration
Wood is a unique technical and technological material that of 0.08 percent.
can be modified to improve its properties. However, there are The diameter of the graphene oxide flake was 500–1000
few reports on using graphene oxide for wood modification. nm. The graphene oxide suspension in water was stirred for

At the same time, the few works that have been published 15 min using PS-40A ultrasound to reduce the aggregating
indicate that graphene oxide and its derivatives can give wood graphene oxide flakes in the solution.