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Case A: Case Description Table 3: Cross-case comparison of sustainable smart
furniture initiatives.
Case A is a prototype of a sustainable smart furniture product Case/ Material Smart Quality Common
co-developed by the research team and a local furniture design Company Innovation Feature Management WPC
Integration Practice Applications
company. The primary goal is to verify the feasibility of using in Smart
Furniture
WPCs in modular furniture design. Trex Wood– Not smart- ISO- Deck
The prototype is a detachable modular desk featuring the plastic furniture- based QC; panels,
composites specific; extrusion outdoor
following characteristics: using mainly process seating,
recycled outdoor monitoring flat surface
Material: Compressed panels made from 100% recycled sawdust & use components
HDPE
wood particles and polypropylene (PP).
Green Injection- Potential Polymer Desk
Structure: Modular assembly design emphasising recyclability, Dot moulded integration quality panels,
Bioplastics WPC from into IoT- consistency cabinet
reconfiguration, and ease of maintenance. (w/ biodegradable compatible via SPC faces,
partner) bioplastics parts light-weight
Technology: Reserved space for sensors and IoT modules drawer
elements
to support future smart function integration.
Forust 3D printed Potential Additive Custom
By repositioning wood-pellet-derived composites as reconstituted for housing manufacturing fixture
wood sensors QA bases,
material enablers, embedding smart technologies through and lignin in printed protocols decorative
feedstock forms lighting
modular design, and ensuring quality through structured panels, IoT
enclosures
management systems, this study has laid the groundwork
Ori Not using App- UX- (Not
for a next-generation sustainable furniture paradigm where Living WPC; controlled centered applicable
focuses on actuators, iterative for WPC
waste becomes value, intelligence enhances usability, and modular sensors, testing; use)
motion- modularity digital twin
quality enables trust. based
frames
To provide a comprehensive understanding of how sustainable
IKEA Renewable Solar- Standardised Drawer
smart furniture initiatives are being implemented across various x Little wood powered IKEA fronts,
Sun boards lights, quality lighting
contexts, a cross-case comparison was conducted, which (pressed/ plug-ins, frameworks mounts,
fibre- sustainability internal
was shown in Table 3 as the following: based) framing
panels
ccnull.de This comparison highlighted key aspects of different projects
or companies that had successfully integrated sustainable
materials, smart technologies, and quality management
principles into their furniture products.

By examining factors such as material usage (e.g., wood
pellets), functional integration (e.g., IoT modules), customisation
strategies, and adherence to sustainability certifications, this
table offers valuable insights into best practices, common
challenges, and innovative solutions in the field.
The cross-case analysis served to illustrate the diversity of
approaches and outcomes, thereby informing future research

and guiding industry practitioners in the development of
environmentally responsible and technologically advanced