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58 MATERIALS SEP/OCT 2025 FDM ASIA | www.fdmasia.com

rappensuncle N/mm2, and that was achieved even by WS boards (except for
WSSE-M), exceeding the values from 2.6× to 6.7× achieved
by the boards from GA and SW.
In conclusion, the obtained IB values of the investigated

particleboards show high adhesion between the particles,
particularly from wood species, indicating the potential for
their use in external environments.

Conclusions
(0.44–0.67 N/mm2) with no significant differences regardless Based on the study results, two technologies for manufacturing
of the board type and pressing type. high-density particleboards were investigated for potential
In spite of the high bending properties achieved by WS application in external building façades.
boards, especially those bonded by SA binder, the IB values Wood-based particleboards outperformed wheat straw in

indicate a poor adhesion compared to all other boards obtained both approaches—steam explosion pretreatment and suberinic
from wood species. acid bonding.
This indicates the significant differences between the wood Each technology was adapted to the specific raw material
and non-wood species, the latter containing a higher content and proven suitable for producing high-density boards.
of hemicelluloses and minerals, obviously resulting in poorer Furthermore, conventional hot-pressing demonstrated superior
properties of the produced boards. performance compared to mould hot-pressing in terms of the
IB values of the boards from wood species vary in the mechanical and physical properties achieved.

range of 1.41–3.04 N/mm2 for the SE board type and 1.18–2.67 According to the EN 312 standard requirements for the
N/mm2 for the SA-bonded board type. boards for use in humid conditions, water resistance was met
The influence of pressing type differs depending on only by the boards from steam-exploded grey alder wood (TS
wood species and board type. Hot-pressing in the mould of 7%–17%), regardless of the pressing type.
GASE (representing hardwood) shows significantly reduced This indicates the suitability of GASE for external façade
IB values, while, for SWSE (representing softwood), IB values applications, but also indicates the weakness of other
are significantly lower if hot-pressed by conventional type. investigated board types.
The tendency absolutely differs for SA-bonded boards The bending properties of all obtained boards were excellent
from SW (the highest IB values achieved by conventional (MOE 3720–9980 N/mm2, MOR 18–66 N/mm2) and met the

pressing), while the boards from GA achieved IB values with standard requirements. Almost all investigated boards achieved
no significant difference depending on the pressing type. higher IB values according to the standard requirement (0.45
Our results of GASA and SWSA fit the IB values reported N/mm2), in the best case exceeding the value up to 6.7×.
in the range of 1.2–3.7 N/mm2 for the SA-bonded boards of Further research on the investigated particleboards is
birch wood particles that were influenced by the binder content ongoing, aiming at the surface treatment and variation in
(20%–30%), density (840–1000 kg/m3), pressing temperature steam explosion conditions, and testing water resistance in
(220–230 °C), and even time (2–6 min/7 mm). specific conditions by boiling and determining water drop

Finally, according to EN 312 specifications for the angle, followed by weathering in the open air. FDM
particleboards of Type P3, the requirement of IB value is 0.45 ENQUIRY NO. 5301